|
FIG Publication No. 59
International Boundary Making addresses
surveying methodology and experiences in the
delimitation and demarcation of international
boundaries. Commission 1 has initiated the
publication, and main editor is Haim Srebro.
FIG furthermore thanks the United Nations
Cartographic Section for their peer review and
New Zealand Institute of Surveyors for their
support. The publication is a reference
publication for all involved or interested in
international boundaries and fills a gap both in
surveying and international boundary literature.
The publication report on the
International Boundary Making has been
published in FIG report series and is available
both as pdf and in hard copy.
Read more... |
|
The 5th Global Land Tool
Network (GLTN ) Partners’ Meeting held in The
Hague, The Netherlands, in November 2013 was the
ideal occasion to interview Dr Clarissa
Augustinus - the key driver behind GLTN – and
Teo CheeHai, president of FIG. Published in the
GIM Magazine, they discuss what GLTN means for
surveyors.
Read the
interview... |
Students and staff of the UNU School for Land
Administration Studies with Teo CheeHai at ITC
Faculty, University of Twente, Enschede |
Subsequent to the Global Land
Tool Network (GLTN) partner meeting conducted
in The Hague, FIG President CheeHai Teo
paid a successful visit to GIN, Geo-Information
Netherlands, the sole Member Association from
The Netherlands, the Netherlands Kadaster and
ITC Faculty of Twente University, both also
members of FIG. Gratitude was expressed on
behalf of FIG for the significant role the
Netherlands has played in promoting innovative
approaches to land administration, particularly
in developing regions.
Read more... |
The bag |
...the goal of the second phase
is to improve tenure security of the urban and
rural poor through the adoption and
implementation of land policies, tools and
approaches that are pro-poor, gender
appropriate, effective and sustainable.
For several years FIG has been an active partner
of the network and has contributed with various
activities to help GLTN fulfill their overall
goals.
In November all the partners met at the Dutch
Ministry of Foreign Affairs in The Hague,
Netherlands for a three-day meeting with
insightful speeches, discussions and a site
visit to Dutch land tool areas.
Read more... |
Current FIG Council 2013-2014 (from left): VP
Rudolf Staiger, Germany, VP Chryssy Potsiou
Greece, President CheeHai Teo, Malaysia, VP
Pengfei Cheng China, ACCO rep. Yerach
Doytsher. VP Bruno Razza Italy was
unfortunately not present for the photo session. |
At the FIG Congress 2014, the 37th FIG
General Assembly will take place on 16 and 21 June 2014.
FIG Council is hereby inviting Member Associations to
consider nominations for FIG President and for two FIG
Vice Presidents for the period 2015-2018.
Nominations must be received by Louise Friis-Hansen at
louise.friis-hansen@fig.net.
Deadline for nominations: 15 February 2014.
|
The Theater that is used in the 2015 Working
Week logo |
Although there is still long
time to May 2015 the preparations for FIG
Working Week have started. FIG Manager Louise
Friis-Hansen visited the local organisers who
had organised a meeting with Director General
Valentin Yovev and his engaged staff, who
showed their engagement in the Working Week
2015. A visit to the Bulgarian Minister of
Investigation Design Ivan Danov was also
organised, who gave his support to the FIG 2015
Working Week.
Read more... |
|
FIG member associations are invited to
consider making a bid to host the FIG Working Week 2017
or FIG Congress 2018 together with FIG. At its meeting
in Kuala Lumpur 16-21 June 2014, the FIG General
Assembly will select the host and venue for the two
events The Council has prepared bidding guidelines for
making the bid. These guidelines explain in detail the
information that is required for a successful bid.
More information FIG Working Week 2017
deadline: 30 November 2013
Guidelines for FIG Working Week 2017
FIG Congress 2018 deadline: 15 December
2013
Guidelines for FIG Congress 2018 |
|
During the meeting and related events
there were intense discussions with our colleagues from
Africa on the development of national cadastres.
Developments, innovations and challenges were under
debate. There was agreement that the “fit for purpose
approach” as proposed by Prof Stig Enemark
and other simple but evolving solutions are most
relevant to be considered in the further development of
Cadastre in Cameroon – and also in many other countries.Read
more... |
Publication on the Proceedings of the 5th Land Administration Domain
Model Workshop
|
Over 40 participants attended the
workshop and a total of 25 peer reviewed papers were
presented, covering a range of themes, including: the
industry perspective on LADM; the linkage between LADM
and information infrastructures; refined LADM modeling,
3D representations and formalizing LADM semantics;
specific LADM country profiles; and implementation
aspects.
Please find also the proceedings online |
Booklet on The Value of Geoinformation for Disaster and Risk
Management (VALID)
|
The Value of Geoinformation for Disaster
and Risk Management (VALID) - Benefit Analysis and
Stakeholder Assessment is published by the Joint Board
of Geospatial Information Societies (JB GIS). The
publication is the result of the collaboration of many
scientists who are dedicated to the implementation of
geospatial information for Disaster and Risk Management.
The publication can be downloaded at:http://www.un-spider.org/sites/default/files/VALIDPublication.pdf
(9MB) or
without login for the full 30 MB version
https://app.box.com/s/ch80uodlfz29tzn11f9q |
|
The 1st FIG Young Surveyors European
Meeting was held in Lisbon, Portugal from 17th to 18th
October 2013. Around 150 young surveyors from 32
countries gathered together to work towards a European
Network of Young Surveyors and facing the challenges
together as a team, as a Network.
Read more... |
FIG Vice President, Prof.
Cheng Pengfei (in the middle of the picture) at
the Chengdu Forum |
The Chengdu Forum on United Nations
Global Geospatial Information Management was held at the
Jinjiang Hotel in Chengdu, China from 15 to 17 October
2013. Nearly 200 participants from 40 countries
participated and represented the United Nations,
International Organizations and Industries. FIG Vice
President, Prof. Cheng Pengfei representing FIG was
present at the meeting.
Read more... |
The participants at the 2nd CoFLAS expert
meeting |
The objective of the CoFLAS
project is to develop a useful and practical
tool whereby the costing and financing of land
administration services in developing countries
can be reformed and modernized with a view to
enabling the agencies provide cost effective,
efficient, sustainable and affordable services.
A second Expert Group Meeting (EGM) was hosted
by Lantmäteriet at its premises in Gävle, Sweden
on 14-15 October 2013 attended by 20 experts.
Read more... |
|
On 3 October 2013, the Dutch Minister
for Foreign Trade and Development Cooperation has signed
an agreement with IFAD and UN-Habitat for a contribution
totaling US$20.4 million in support of Phase 2 of the
Global Land Tool Network (GLTN) programme particularly
on scaling up and advancing country-level engagement and
promoting good land governance through a comprehensive
set of demand-driven and pro-poor land tools and
approaches.
Read more... |
|
Under the theme of “Integrating Land
Governance into the Post-2015 Agenda: Harnessing
Synergies for Implementation and Monitoring Impact”, the
2014 conference will focus on building a shared
understanding of best practices in land governance. By
providing an opportunity to strengthen collaboration
between diverse experts in land governance, the
conference aims to put stakeholders at the country level
in a position to address this key development issue.
Read more... |
The 10th National Representative Assembly of CSGPC |
The 10th National Representative
Assembly of the Chinese Society of Geodesy,
Photogrammetry and Cartography (CSGPC), and the
Annual Comprehensive Academic Conference was held at
Jingxi Hotel in Beijing, China 10-12 October 2013. More
than 800 delegates participated. FIG Vice President,
Prof. Cheng Pengfei
represented FIG at the event. During the meeting, he was
elected specially-appointed Vice President of the CSGPC.
Read more... |
DVW President Karl F. Thoene at the opening |
Intergeo is the world’s largest trade
fair for geodesy, geoinformation and land management and
is one of the key platforms for industry dialogue since
it covers a wide variety of fields, ranging from
surveying, geoinformation, remote sensing and
photogrammetry to complementary solutions and
technologies. FIG was represented with a stand and local
representatives from both Malaysia and Bulgaria were
attending to promote the FIG Congress 2014 and FIG
Working Week 2015
Read more... |
MAKLI representatives and FIG Office gathering outside
the FIG Office at Kalvebod Brygge, Copenhagen |
It was a pleasure for
FIG to welcome the Finnish association MAKLI in the
Copenhagen office. Although most of the work of the
office is solely administrative it is very inspiring to
meet members and to hear about the conditions of
surveyors and their challenges from various pars of the
world. FIG office also informed about the work of FIG
within the office and around the world
Read more... |
LADM audience listening focused |
Over 40 participants attended the
workshop and a total of 25 peer reviewed papers were
presented, covering a range of themes, including: the
industry perspective on LADM; the linkage between LADM
and information infrastructures; refined LADM modeling,
3D representations and formalizing LADM semantics;
specific LADM country profiles; and implementation
aspects.
Click here to find out more..
Download the proceedings
here... |
The participants at the event |
On 23 September 2013 the Social Tenure
Domain Model was introduced in Malaysia. The pro-poor
land information system was welcomed by a group of 35
land professionals and experts. The Social Tenure Domain
Model (STDM) is a concept and tool developed by UN
Habitat Global Land Tool Network (GLTN) in close
co-operation with FIG and builds on the Land
Administration Domain Model (LADM).
Read more… |
The local organisers had done an amazing work to
organise the symposium, and partici-pants were greeted
by a fantastic street banner |
The FIG/FAO workshop attracted 90
regional and international participants and had a
specific emphasis on the challenges in the Pacific Small
Island Developing States and was organised together with
FAO, UN-GGIM, FIG (in particular Commissions 3 and 5 and
the Climate Change Task Force) ,the Fiji Ministry of
Lands and Mineral Resources, the Fiji Institute of
Surveyors (a member association of FIG) and the Global
Land Tool Network Secretariat. A Suva Statement on
Specially Responsible Governance was agreed upon.
Read more...
|
GPS Antennas in front of Forth Road Bridge, Scotland |
This was the second time that the sister
organisations FIG (Commission 6, WG 6.1 “Deformation
Measurements and Analysis”) and IAG (International
Association of Geodesy, Commission 4 “Positioning and
Applications”) organized a joint symposium
following up the long series of individual symposia
within FIG (since 1975) and IAG (since 1996).
Read more...
|
Under the theme of “Integrating Land Governance into the
Post-2015 Agenda: Harnessing Synergies for
Implementation and Monitoring Impact”, the 2014
conference will focus on building a shared understanding
of best practices in land governance. By providing an
opportunity to strengthen collaboration between diverse
experts in land governance, the conference aims to put
stakeholders at the country level in a position to
address this key development issue.
Read more... |
What is the definition
of a Surveyor? |
The workshop reviewed the definition of
a Surveyor as defined by FIG in 1991. The findings were
that the content is right but is missing some elements
and the wording of the definition needs updating. Read
more here..
FIG Commission 1 will progress towards a formal change
of definition. Discussions and input are welcome through
Facebook:
www.facebook.com/internationalfederationofsurveyors
and FIG commission 1 LinkedIn group:http://linkd.in/16iGj8H |
Malcolm McCoy received the award by FIG President
CheeHai Teo |
FIG President CheeHai Teo was
honoured to present this award to Malcolm McCoy
at the 9th Victorian Spatial Excellence Awards Gala
Dinner held in conjunction with the 2013 SSSI Victoria
Spatial Summit held on 12 and 13 September in Melbourne,
Victoria, Australia. The Professional of the Year Award
is conferred on a practitioner working in any of the
disciplines of the surveying and spatial sciences whose
professional achievements are acknowledged by peer
citation as exemplifying the highest standards of
excellence and ethical conduct.
Read more... |
|
Was the theme of the annual New Zealand
Institute of Surveyors (NZIS) Conference, which was held
between 28 – 31 August 2013 in Dunedin, New Zealand.
The conference celebrated the 125th anniversary of NZIS
as well as the 50th Anniversary of the University of
Otago’s School of Surveying.
Read more... |
|
The theme of the conference was “UN-GGIM
and the Americas: Addressing global challenges through
geospatial information”. UNRCC-Americas provides a
regional forum to address their common challenges and
share experiences and expertise in the field of
surveying and mapping, cartography, hydrography, remote
sensing, land and geospatial information systems.
Read more... |
|
The Workshop is part of FAO’s
strategy to raise awareness on the Voluntary Guidelines
and to discuss the implementation and use, particularly
at the national and local levels. The regional focus of
this Workshop is Asia. The Workshop aimed at supporting
activities and actions to improve governance of tenure
of land, fisheries and forests.
Read more... |
|
2014 FIG
Foundation Academic Research Grants Research
grants will be provided of up to 20,000 euros spread over
two years. Applicants shall be based in a
surveying/geomatics academic programme that teaches
surveying in a country listed by the World Bank as a
low-income, lower-middle or upper-middle income economy.
Read more...
Deadline for sending the application is 31 March 2014.
2014 FIG Foundation PhD Scholarships Scholarships
will be provided of up to 4,000 euros to PhD students.
Applicants shall be studying for a PhD degree and registered
solely in a surveying/geomatics academic programme that
teaches surveying in a country listed by the World Bank as a
low-income, lower-middle or upper-middle income economy.
Read
more...Deadline for sending the application is
1 February 2014.
2014 FIG Foundation Young Surveyors Fellowship
The FIG Foundation Young Surveyors Fellowships will
provide funding for individuals to cover the costs to attend
and participate in the 2014 FIG Congress in Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia, including attendance at all FIG Young Surveyors
events during the congress.
Read more…
Deadline for sending the application is 1 December
2013.
|
|
At the XX FIG Congress 1994 in
Melbourne, commission 7 initiated a working group
looking at trends and developments in the field of
cadastre. The working group was active from 1994-1998
and presented the results at the FIG-Congress in
Brighton in July, 1998. It projected the trends and
developed visions of what cadastral systems might be in
20 years' time – thus today!
Cadastre 2014 has received worldwide attention and has
been translated into 28 languages – and is now also
available in
Macedonian. |
O. Altan and R. Backhaus |
On 3 September 2013, Joint Board of
Geospatial Information Societies (JBGIS), International
Council for Science (ICSU) - GeoUnions, and United
Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA)
presented a new report in Vienna, Austria, which shows
the economic, humanitarian and organizational benefits
of applying Geoinformation to disaster management. This
report was edited by a team headed Orhan Altan
and Robert Backhaus. The publication aims to
raise awareness and to help set priorities in research
and development. FIG as a member of JBGIS was
represented by Gert Steinkellner, the president
of the Austrian FIG-member organization.
Download the publication
here... |
|
The book is published by The World Bank
and covers land administration and reform in Sub-Saharan
Africa. It provides simple practical steps to turn the
hugely controversial subject of "land grabs" into a
development opportunity by improving land governance to
reduce the risks of dispossessing poor landholders while
ensuring mutually beneficial investors' deals. This book
shows how Sub Saharan Africa can leverage its abundant
and highly valuable natural resources to eradicate
poverty by improving land governance through a ten point
program to scale up policy reforms and investments at a
cost of USD 4.5 billion.
Download the book
here... |
|
On 1 January 1999 FIG Director Markku
Villikka started working in the FIG Office. Together
with five councils and many volunteers he has built the
office and FIG to what it is today. FIG events were
developed and shaped to Congresses, Working Weeks and
Regional Conferences. The first year Markku Villikka
worked with President Peter Dale, and from 2000 he
served under the following 4 Presidents, who has each
contributed with a short good-bye to Markku.
Read
more… |
|
The Land Administration Domain Model
LADM that FIG has worked on for several yeas was
eventually ISO certified in 2012. The LADM can
accelerate the implementation of proper land
administration systems that will support sustainable
development and is useful in many countries. FIG invites
to a special workshop on LADM 24-25 September in Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia in connection with the International
Symposium and Exhibition on Geoinformation (ISG 2013)
Read more… |
Celebrating the 2nd anniversary of UNGGIM |
The United Nations initiative on Global
Geospatial Information Management, UNGGIM met for the
third time, and at the same time celebrated the second
anniversary of UN-GGIM. This UN Committee was
established to provide a forum for coordination and
dialogue among Member States and between Member States
and relevant international organizations, including FIG,
on all issues related to geospatial information
management. FIG was represented by President CheeHai Teo
and Vice Chair of FIG Commission 4 Gordon Johnston.
Read more… |
|
The authors: Professor
Ian Williamson,
Professor Stig Enemark, Land Policy Lawyer
Jude Wallace and Professional Land Surveyor and
Chartered Engineer Abbas Rajabifard examine
global land administration systems and outlines basic
principles applicable to all countries. This book shows
how to help ensure social equality, economic growth, and
environmental protection through holistic land
management. Professors, government officials, and
students of land planning, land administrators, land
planning managers will find this an invaluable resource.
The book is furthermore being translated into French and
Spanish which should be available end 2013.
Download a
free copy... |
|
The Global Land Tool Network has launched a
competition on good practices for tenure security in
the Muslim world.
Click here to find
out more... |
|
FIG Commission 5 actively participated in 2 events in this unique region
to represent our membership and to raise the profile of the Commission.
The two events held in Manila were 1: South East Asia Survey Congress
(SEASC) and 2: Reference Frame in Practice Technical Seminar (RFIP TS).
The seminar showed the strong cooperation between IAG and FIG.
Read more...
[Program]
[Proceedings]
[Picture
Gallery] [Report
from IAG] |
|
The Global Land Tools Network (GLTN) in collaboration with the
International Federation of Surveyors (FIG) supported by Kadaster
International and Lantmateriet and other partners and stakeholders have
embarked on a process to develop a tool that can assist policy makers
and those responsible for land administration to adopt appropriate
technologies, methodologies and processes that will provide land
administration services more efficiently, cost effectively and with
options more appropriately tailored for incorporating all tenure types.
Read more... |
FIG Director Markku Villikka receives his Certificate of Appointment to
Honorary Member of FIG by FIG President CheeHai Teo. |
The General Assembly appointed FIG Director Markku
Villikka as an Honorary Member at its meeting in Abuja 6 May 2013.
He has been the director of FIG since the establishment of the permanent
office 1.1.1999. In total his active period in FIG is 25 remarkable
years. Because the Director was not able to be present at the Working
Week in Abuja, the Honorary membership was given to him by President
CheeHai Teo during his visit to Finland 13 May 2013.
In his thanks Markku Villikka expressed gratitude that he had
started being active in FIG at a very young age and strongly encouraged
young surveyors to become active in the work of FIG. The appointment was
met with a long and strong applause at the General Assembly in Abuja .
Read more... |
The General Assembly was attended by many delegates
and observers. |
FIG General Assembly
2013 was held during the Working Week in Abuja,
Nigeria. In total 40 different member associations
were present at the two sessions of the General
Assembly. All membership categories apart from
Correspondents were represented, and there was a
strong presence of observers, especially Nigerians
who followed the General Assembly with great
interest.
Read more...
|
|
The Governing Council of the United Nations Human Settlement Programme
(UN-Habitat) meets every two years to review and examine its activities
and programs. The 24th Session of UN-Habitat’s Governing Council was
held between April 15th and 19th 2013 with the theme ‘Sustainable
Development: The role of cities in creating improved economic
opportunities for all, with special reference to youth and gender’.
Read more... |
The council of Institute of Surveyors of Kenya and FIG President CheeHai
Teo |
Chairman of the Institution of Surveyors of Kenya, Collins Kuwour
and his Council met President CheeHai Teo socially at the Stanley
Hotel in downtown Nairobi. In the course of the interactions during the
evening, the President noted a number of efforts by ISK to continually
advance the role and contribution of the Profession within Kenya.
Read more... |
|
The IX international
geo-forum “Interexpo GEO-Siberia-2013” was held in Novo
Siberia, Russian Federation from 16-18 April 2013. Read
the report here...
Read FIG president Teo CheeHai greetings
here... |
Curt Sumner, Lamar Evans and Patrick Smith |
The national leadership of the National Society of Professional
Surveyors, NSPS met in the suburb of Gaithersburg, Maryland, outside
Washington DC, 12-14 April, 2013. President CheeHai Teo was invited and
welcomed the opportunity to address the Board of Governors Meeting and
to informe colleagues and fellow surveyors at the meeting on recent
global initiatives as well as international activities that has an
impact on the national and local practicing scene.
Read more... |
Klaus Deininger, The World Bank. |
“Moving towards
transparent Land Governance: Evidence-based next Steps”
was the theme of Annual World Bank Conference on
Land and Poverty. The conference brings together
representatives from governments, civil society,
academia, the private sector and the development
community to discuss issues of concern to land
practitioners and policymakers worldwide.
As in previous years, FIG is privileged to collaborate with
the Bank as the Profession continues to consider its
contribution and relevance within society, environment
and economy, moving beyond its competencies in
measurement and technological sophistication and
abilities. Read more... |
|
Each year the Association of Authorized Land Surveyors Malaysia, the
Member Association from Malaysia, convened its annual general meeting
where its membership from around the country gathers for half a day to
dispense the business of the Association. The progress in organizing the
silver jubilee edition of the FIG Congress was also reported.
Read more... |
FIG Vice President Rudolf Staiger at the CLGE General
Assembly. |
Our sister organization CLGE had its
General Assembly in Budapest, Hungary on 22 and 23
March. FIG Vice President Rudolf Staiger participated in
the event. The General Assembly was accompanied by the
“Day of the European Surveyor and Geoinformation” where
Galileo Galilei was officially nominated as Surveyor of
the year 2013. In addition there was the European Space
Expo, dedicated to the European Navigation Satellite
system GALILEO.
Read more.. |
FIG General Assembly 2013 - Abuja, Nigeria, 6 and
10 May 2013 -
Agenda
Nicon Luxury Hotel where the General Assembly will take place |
The 36th FIG General Assembly will be held 6 and 10 May
2013 at the Conference Hall, Nicon Luxury Hotel, Abuja, Nigeria. The
agenda is now available and the FIG Office has sent an invitation and
hard copy of the agenda without appendices to all members.
|
|
The FIG Annual Review 2012 is now available as .pdf. Hard copies will be
mailed to all members together with the minutes from the General
Assembly in Abuja, Nigeria 2013. Also FIG Profile has been updated.
You can download the FIG Annual Review and profile here:
|
The Local Organising Committee |
"From the wisdom of the ages to the
challenges of the modern world".
Read about the background for choosing the theme of the
Working Week 2015. At the FIG General Assembly in Rome 2012,
Bulgaria was elected to be the host of the Working week
2015, and the preparation already started in June 2012.The
local organizing committee has been established and is
already working intensely with the preparations. FIG visited
Sofia to discuss and work on the preparations.
Read more.. |
Members of the JBGIS present at the Forum took the
opportunity to have an ad-hoc meeting on the sideline of the
Forum. |
The Forum was staged pursuant to convene
global forums to promote comprehensive dialogue on global
geospatial information management with all relevant
governments, non-governmental organizations and the private
sector. The Forum provided member states and stakeholders
the unique opportunity to share and learn from each other to
support local, regional and global sustainable development
initiatives.
Read more.. |
The President of OGE - Ordre de Géomètre-Expert
Francois MAZUYER became a chevalier dans l’Ordre Nationale du
Mérite, 30 January 2013
On 30 of January 2013 Francois Mazuyer became a
knight of the” Ordre Nationale du Mérite”. The
official ceremony took place in the rooms of our
French member association in Paris close to the Arc
de Triomphe. He received the official nomination
from Mrs. Cécile Duflot Minister for Land and
Housing. FIG-Vice President Rudolf Staiger had the
occasion to assist to this remarkable event and
congratulated Francois for this outstanding
nomination on behalf of FIG. |
|
In 1862, the Prussian General Johann
Jacob Baeyer initiated the Central European Arc
Measurement project. By the end of that year fifteen
countries had affirmed their participation, and in 1864
the first General Conference was held in Berlin. In 1870
the Prussian Geodetic Institute was established and
entrusted with the operation of the Central Bureau.
General Baeyer’s project is considered the forerunner to
today’s International Association of Geodesy (IAG).
Read more about the
anniversary.. |
President of the Mediterranean Union of Surveyors
appointed Honorary Doctor of Philosophy
The trustees of the American University for
Science and Technology of California has granted Aziz
Hilali the degree of Honorary Doctor of Philosophy
(option: Civil Engineering, Surveying and Topology), in
recognition of his career and his quality as president of
the Mediterranean Union of surveyors. |
|
The meeting was organized on 4 October
2013 at Survey Department (SD) Geodetic Hall. Members of
NICS and other dignitaries, including Nagendra Jha-
Director General of Survey Department, Rabin Kaji
Sharma, Former Director General of Survey Department and
President of Nepal RS and Photo-grammetric Society
(NRSPS), Saroj Chalise- General Secretary of Nepal
Surveyors Association (NSA), Kalyan Gopal Shrestha-
Executive Director of Land Management Training Center
(LMTC), Hridaya Narayan Mishra- Deputy Director General
of SD and other Survey Department Officers were present
at the function.
Click here to find out more... |
|